California Cites and Counties with marijuana bans, and Moratoria.

Cities with Moratoria (63)
1. Adelanto
2. Alameda
3. American Canyon
4. Anderson*
5. Arcata
6. Atascadero
7. Barstow
8. Baldwin Park
9. Benicia
10. Brea
11. Buena Park
12. Calimesa
13. Camarillo
14. Carpinteria
15. Carson
16. Chula Vista
17. Coachella
18. Colfax*
19. Colton
20. Galt
21. Grass Valley
22. Guadalupe
23. Hemet
24. Highland
25. Imperial Beach
26. La Habra
27. Lake Elsinore
28. Loma Linda
29. Los Gatos
30. Marin City
31. Menifee
32. Mill Valley
33. Moreno Valley
34. Morrow Bay
35. Morgan Hill
36. National City
37. Needles
38. Nevada City
39. Oceanside
40. Orange
41. Orinda
42. Perris
43. Porterville
44. Rancho Cordova
45. Rancho Cucamonga
46. Rialto
47. Rosemead
48. Sacramento
49. Salinas
50. San Dimas
51. San Bruno
52. Selma
53. Southgate
54. Tehachapi
55. Temple City
56. Vacaville
57. Ventura
58. Victorville
59. Walnut Creek
60. Watsonville
61. West Sacramento
62. Westlake
63. Yucca Valley*
Counties with Moratoria (6)
1. Madera
2. Nevada
3. Tulare
4. San Bernardino*
5. Placer
6. San Diego
Cities with Bans (139)
1. Anaheim
2. Antioch
3. Apple Valley
4. Arroyo Grande
5. Atascadero
6. Auburn
7. Azusa
8. Brentwood
9. Beaumont
10. Big Bear Lake
11. Buellton
12. Buena Park
13. Carlsbad **
14. Cathedral City
15. Ceres
16. Chino
17. Claremont
18. Clearlake
19. Cloverdale
20. Clovis
21. Colma
22. Concord
23. Corona
24. Costa Mesa
25. Covina **
26. Cypress
27. Davis
28. Desert Hot Springs
29. Dublin
30. El Cajon **
31. El Cerrito
32. Emeryville
33. Encinitas **
34. Escondido
35. Fairfield
36. Folsom
37. Fontana
38. Fortuna
39. Fremont
40. Fresno
41. Fullerton
42. Garden Grove
43. Gardena
44. Gilroy
45. Glendale
46. Goleta
47. Grand Terrace
48. Grover Beach
49. Hawthorne
50. Healdsburg
51. Hercules
52. Hermosa Beach
53. Hesperia
54. Huntington Beach
55. Indian Wells
56. Indio
57. Inglewood
58. Laguna Hills
59. La Mirada
60. La Palma
61. La Quinta
62. Lake Elsinore
63. Lake Forest
64. La Mesa
65. Lawndale
66. Lemon Grove
67. Livermore
68. Lincoln
69. Lompoc
70. Los Gatos
71. Los Banos
72. Manhattan Beach
73. Marina
74. Merced
75. Mission Viejo
76. Modesto
77. Montclair
78. Monterey Park
79. Moorpark
80. Murrieta
81. Newark
82. Norco
83. North County
84. Oakdale
85. Oakley
86. Ontario
87. Palm Desert
88. Palos Verdes Estates*
89. Pasadena
90. Paso Robles
91. Patterson
92. Petaluma
93. Pico Rivera
94. Pinole
95. Pismo Beach
96. Pittsburgh
97. Placentia
98. Placer
99. Pleasant Hill
100.Pleasanton
101.Redlands
102.Redondo Beach
103.Ridgecrest
104.Riverbank
105.Riverside
106.Rocklin
107.Rohnert Park
108.Roseville
109.San Bernardino
110.San Jacinto
111.San Juan Capistrano
112.San Leandro
113.San Luis Obispo
114.San Marcos
115.San Pablo
116.San Rafael
117.Santa Ana
118.Santa Maria
119.Santee **
120.Seal Beach
121.Seaside
122.Simi Valley
123.Solvang
124.Sonoma
125.South San Francisco
126.Susanville
127.Temecula
128.Torrance
129.Turlock
130.Tustin
131.Ukiah
132.Union City
133.Upland
134.Victorville
135.Vista
136.Willits
137.Windsor
138.Yuba City
139.Yucaipa
Counties with Bans (8)
1. Amador
2. Contra Costa*
3. El Dorado
4. Madera
5. Merced
6. Riverside
7. Stanislaus
8. Sutter
- Activist1's blog
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Activist and ignorance go hand in hand
The "bans" you refer to, ban the cannabis clubs from operating or new ones from opening up. Not the plant.
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Maybe you need a bubble bath Linda!
8 million highly functional women
and she should make sure...
to use some of Dr. Bronner's soap!
---
welcome to the world I see...
Morning Donut
AE's 2010 Calendar
Voter...
What do you think it means by banning marijuana dispensaries? You're not trying to insinuate that it's meant to be a green light to smoke as much dope as possible...are you?
The word "banned", means to prohibit the use of.
I'm wondering why you would think that a fact as important as that is "ignorant".
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Activist1
I was merely correcting your misleading title that said Marjuana banned in certain Counties and Cities. Last time I checked it is still legal to consume marijuana in all of the places you listed so what's your point? Or were you being ignorant when you wrote the title? Or intentionally misleading?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Activist1
I dont consider it a redlight either. That's why there aare no less than a dozen delivery services right here in your sleeply little County. Sorry Stanislaus, Modesto, Turlock, etc. No tax dollars for you.
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Activist1
I dont consider it a redlight either. That's why there aare no less than a dozen delivery services right here in your sleeply little County. Sorry Stanislaus, Modesto, Turlock, etc. No tax dollars for you.
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
You know what I think voter
I think you knew EXACTLY what I was talking about. Let's not dance around the issue. The city of Modesto as well as Turlock has imposed bans on the sale of so called "medical marijuana". Along with 137 other cities!
One Voice, One Message, No Use. Is that clear enough?
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
We can now add the City of Red Bluff to this list
Whoohoo!
http://m.redding.com/news/2009/nov/04/red-bluff-oks-bans-on-marijuana-dispensaries-pot/
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Silly Girl.
silly, silly girl. Dispensaries. That's it. Not the sale of. Not possession of. Not even cultivation of. Just "storefront" dispensaries. That's it. That's all you got. Like I said there are NO less than a dozen delivery services in Modesto alone that are perfectly legal. You can't stop it. You can't even hope to contain it. Ha Ha Ha Ha. One voice....does that include the ones in your head?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
That's MS. Silly Girl to you...:D
Possession of a controlled substance is against the law.
If you seriously doubt that I can shut down the delivery services, then there's no reason for you not to name them...right? Or is that just too much logic for one day.
Provide the names of these delivery services.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
They're all over myspace ... lol
.....go ahead, try shutting them down. A simple google search will show them.
You can't. Just as you cannot stop responsible adults from doing whatever the hell they want in their own homes.
: D
No responsible adult does drugs.
Chris...
Who are these people!
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
They're everywhere....you walk past them everyday...
They're ringing you up at the grocery store, they're the ones doing the oil change on your SUV's, they're your tv service technicians, operations managers....normal-everyday-people.
They just don't go around wearing signs on their backs proclaiming it.
Come on in and name your poison Linda
You would have loved the 20s JosiaRivers
That wasn't a question Chris.
No need for the propaganda. By the way, what you just wrote is total non sense. Many employers require drug testing. They do that to weed out...(pun intended) employee's using illegal drugs. What you are attempting here is a tactic called "harm reduction", you are trying to deceive the public into thinking that drug use is "normal" behavior.
Well, it's not. Stop the lies.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Everywhere...ChrisH?
Some are Doctors, I know attorneys, police officers, probation officers......personally. But of course since A1 doesn't know any then we are lying. Right ChrisH?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Then you should go back to school Linda..
...assuming you ever did. Prefixing a sentence with an interogative like "who, what, where, when & why" is a pretty good indication of a question.
And it's not propaganda, it's the damn truth if you'd just pull the blinders off of your eyes (or maybe take the scary makeup and hair off and go outside once in a while)
(No subject)
Blinders??/
Are you kidding me! You are in need of bi-focals brotha.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
The world's in slumber; let's misbehave!
Voter
Provide the list of names please. Time to put your money where your mouth is.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
A1
Linda perhaps you missed this post
In their latest issue, Marie Claire puts the spotlight on 'stiletto stoners,'--educated and successful women who smoke marijuana to relax at the end of a workday. A study by The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimates that 8 million American women have smoked pot in the past year.
Debbie Schwartz, a 28-year-old reality show production manager, justified her evening routine to the magazine:
"I love to have a glass of wine now and again, but going out and downing sugary cocktails isn't fun for me. And drinking is so much more expensive....I'll go to the gym for an hour, then come back home and smoke a joint while I listen to jazz and read a book--I just finished The Fountainhead. It's my moment for myself before I have to get up and do it all over again tomorrow. It's my bubble bath," Schwartz explains.
Yesterday "The Today Show" interviewed a book editor who compares her post-work pot-smoking to "having a glass of wine at the end of the day." But she wouldn't say she's addicted. "I feel like I'm more addicted to coffee than anything else, and I'm sure millions of people can say the same
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/33087077#33087077
But what you you know about Professional anything. For you have not a career to speak of now do you?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
List?
If you were half as smart as you think you are, you would have no trouble finding it in less than three clicks. There is no place like home.....
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Don't bother Voter....
"It" will just dismiss it as junk science, and she's just baiting us again to try and tally up responses on her bullshit blog here...
You did good, and refuted everything eloquently. Everyone else can come to their own conclusions now.
Voter again...
new
Provide the list of names please. Time to put your money where your mouth is.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
List. Okay here it.....
Isnt. Now what would be the fun in that? Now, like I tell my child, "You are not going to learn anything if I give you the answer."
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
That's a grand total, so far, of 140 cities!
WhooHoo!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cf45I1ZI__w
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
HA! I knew it.
All talk.
What are you afraid of voter!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cf45I1ZI__w
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Yeah you're right.
I made it all up. Just forget about what I said. It's all nonsence. Right chrisH?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Pure utter nonsense harky malarky...
You would be correct, Voter : D
You can lead a horse to water, but if the horse is too stupid to drink...well....thats what we call Darwinism, lol.
140 cities
Out of what? 480? Sounds like spending a lot of time and energy making something illegal that is already illegal in the first place? Or are these "victories" merely symbolic. Clown.
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Better give her what she wants
# Aaron Sorkin, creator of ''The West Wing".
# Art Garfunkel , singer, Simon and Garfunkel.
# Abbie Hoffman, Activist.
# Al and Tipper Gore Politicians
# Aleister Crowley, Author and Famous Satanist.
# Alexander Dumas. Was a member of the "Club de Hachichins". Author - "The Three Musketeers"
# Ali Campbell, Singer with UB40
# Alice B. Toklas. Famous Cook - Wrote recipe for Hash Fudge Filmed as. 'I Love You Alice B. Toklas'
# Allen Ginsberg, Poet.
# Andrea Corr, musician, "The Corrs".
# Anjelica Huston, Actress.
# Arnold Schwarzenegger. Actor. ``I did smoke a joint and I did inhale.''
# Art Garfunkel. Singer of, "Simon and Garfunkel" fame.
# Arthur Rimbaud
# Balzac.
# Beatles.
# Benjamin Franklin, Many claims but little proof.
# Bill "...but I didn't inhale." Clinton, Politician.
# Bill Gates. Not confirmed, just very strongly hinted at in his Playboy interview.
# Bill Murray Arrested for possession.
# Bing Crosby. Famous crooner of "I'm dreaming of a White Christmas". Now the Film "High Society" makes sense!
# Bix Beiderbecke Jazz musician.
# Black Crowes, musicians
# Bob Denver, Star of "Gilligan's Island".
# Bob Dylan, musician.
# Bob Marley, musician
# Burt Reynolds, actor. He left his first wife because of her drug use. But he has been seen in Cannabis Cafes.
# Bruce Lee.
# Cab Calloway, Jazz musician. Claimed he only used it once.
# Carl Sagan, Scientist - SiFi writer - film "Contact" More info here.
# Carlos Santana musician.
# Carrie Fischer, Actress
# Charlie Sheen, actor.
# Charlize Theron, Actress. More here.
# Charles Beaudelaire, Author.
# Cheech Marin, Actor, Don Johnson's sidekick in the TV detective series "Nash Bridges."
# Chris Conrad, Author and expert on Cannabis Hemp
# Chris Farley. Comedian.
# Chrissie Hynde, musician.
# Chris Rock, Actor, Comedian, Producer, Screenwriter.
# Chubby Checker, Musician. Sang; "Lets Twist Again".
# Cilla Black, Musician and presenter. Tried it in the '60's but didn't like it.
# Claire Rayner, Agony Aunt.
# Cody Kasch Actor. TV series Desperate Housewives
# Conan O'Brian TV Host
# Count Basie, Jazz Ban Leader. He was on an DEA file of marajuana users.
# Dame Margot Fonteyn, Prima ballerina. Also see entries for Rudolf Nureyev.
# David Bailey, Photographer .
# Dan Quayle . Politician.
# David Cameron . Politician. Leader of UK Conservative Party .
# David Hockney, Artist.
# Diego Rivera Mexican Artist
# Dion Fortune Welsh occultist.
# Dionne Warwick, Famous singer of "Walk on by".
# Dioscorides Pedanius, 1 st cent. AD. Greek physician. Wrote 'De Materia Medica', used for 1,500 years.
# Dizzy Gillespie, Jazz musician He was on an DEA file of marajuana users.
# Dr Francis Crick. Nobel Prize winner.
# Dr Lester Grinspoon.
# Dr R.D.Laing
# Dr W.B. O'Shaugnessy Re-introduced cannabis to European medicine.
# Drew Barrymore, actress.
# Duke Ellington, Jazz Band Leader. He was on an DEA file of marajuana users.
# Elliott Gould. Actor.
# Eminem, musician.
# Emperor Liu Chi-nu, made medical recomendation for its use.
# Emperor Shen-Nung, made first known medical recommendation for its use.
# Errol Flynn, Actor
# Evelyn Waugh. Author.
# Francis Ford Coppella, Film Director. Mentioned in "Easy Riders, Raging Bulls" by Peter Biskind
# Frances McDormand , Actress. Raising Arizona, Burning Mississippi, Fargo.
# Fats Waller, musician.
# Fitz Hugh Ludlow - wrote 'The Hasheesh Eater'.
# Francois Rabelais. 16 th French author. Recommended it as a food not a high.
# Friedrich Nietzsche, Used it as a medicine.
# Gary Johnson. Governor of New Mexico - Reformer.
# Gene Krupa, Jazz musician.
# George Gurdjieff , Russian Mystic.
# George W Bush Politician and professional hypocrite.
# George Melly, Jazz musician.
# George Soros, Financier and reformer.
# George Washington , grew it and there is evidence that he prepared it for smoking.
* And incidentally many other US presidents use to smoke Hemp. Thomas Jefferson.
* James Madison.
* James Monroe.
* Andrew Jackson,
* Zachary Taylor.
* Franklin Pierce.
* Also see entries for Bill Clinton and George Bush.
# Gerard de Nerval French writer
# Graham Greene, Author.
# Grateful Dead musicians.
# Harrison Ford, Actor. This is a claim made by Bill Maher that has not been denied.
# Hasan I-Sabah (Hasan-bin-Sabah) Leader of the Assassins.
# Heinrich Khunrath, Medieval Alchemist. and Philosopher.
# Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Russian Theosophist.
# Henri Michaux poet and painter
# Howard Marks. Ex-smuggler and Raconteur.
# H R H Prince Harry, Third in line to the British throne.
# H R H Princess Margaret, sister to Her Majesty the Queen. Her son disputes the claim.
# Howard Stern, admitted it on the radio.
# Hua T'o Medical use as anaesthetic .
# Hunter S. Thompson, Author
# Isabel Allende, Chilean author. Mentioned in her book "Paula".
# Jack Kerouac, Author
# Jack Nicholson, actor.
# Jackie Gleason, actor. Another whom the DEA kept on their pot files.
# James Brown, musician
# Janis Joplin, musician. Tried it but "... she didn't like marijuana, it gave her the jitters."
# Jane Fonda, Actress.
# Jennifer Aniston, actress. "I enjoy smoking cannabis and see no harm in it", Daily Mail, 11/9/01.
# Jennifer Capriati, Tennis champ.
# Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota.
# Jesus Christ. 'healed using cannabis'.
# Jim Morrison, musician.
# Jimmy Dorsey, Jazz musician, He was on an DEA file of marijuana users.
# Jimmy Hendrix, musician
# Joan of Arc, was accused of using witch herbs (another name cannabis).
# John Belushi, actor. Perhaps not a particularly good role model!
# John Denver, musician. He recorded a song about it.
# John F Kennedy. Politician.
# John Kerry . Politician. US Senator and Presidential candidate. Also see
# John Lennon. musician.
# John Le Mesurier. Actor. Tried it but said it's not for him.
# John Wayne, Actor, "I tried it once but it didn't do anything to me."
# Jonathan Miller, Theatre Director.
# Johnny Cash, musician. Sang songs for NORML album.
# Jon Snow, Channel 4 News presenter. (UK)
# Julia Roberts, Actress, "I smoked dope twice," ..." It made me too sleepy..."
# Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, legendary Los Angeles Lakers Basketball star
# Kary Mullis, Nobel Laurate, Biology. Is on NORML Board of directors.
# Ken Kesey, Author of "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest" (1975)
# Kenneth Tynan, Playwright.
# Kirsten Dunste actress. (Spiderman) said the world would be a better place if "everyone smoked weed".
# Kurt Cobain, musician.
# Larry Hagman, actor, of "JR" fame.
# Led Zeppelin, musicians.
# Lenny Bruce, Comedian.
# Lewis Carroll, Author
# Lewis Wolpert, biologist.
# Little Richard, musician.
# Louis Armstrong, Jazz musician. The 'bust' in his own words.
# Luke Perry, actor.
# Louis Hebert, French Botanist
# Macaulay Culkin. Actor, Home Alone.
# Mark Stepnoski. two-time Super Bowl champ, Dallas Cowboy.
# Mick Jagger, musician
# Mike Bloomberg. New York City Mayor.
# Mike Tyson, Boxer.
# Miles Davis, Jazz musician.
# Milton Berle, Actor another one on the DEA list of smokers
# Mo Mowlam, Minister recently in charge of UK drug policy.
# Modigliani. Sculptor.
# Montel Williams Chat show host.
# Montgomery Clift, actor, mentioned in his biography.
# Neil Diamond, musician.
# Neil Young, Musician.
# Newt Gingrich Speaker of the US Senate.
# Norman Mailer, Author.
# Oasis, Noel Gallagher "smoking cannabis is as normal as having a cup of tea"
# Ocean Colour Scene, "the hardest smoking band in music" Q Magazine. 02/02.
# Oliver Stone, Film Director.
# Oscar Wilde, Author. "Bosie and I have taken to hashish,"
# Pablo Picasso, Artist.
# Pancho Villa, Revolutionary Leader.
# Peregrine Worthstone, former editor of the Sunday Telegraph.
# Peter Fonda, actor. "I don't trust anybody who didn't inhale."
# Peter Sellers, actor.
# Peter Tosh, Poet.
# Pierce Brosnan, actor. Playboy Interview December 2005.
# Pierre Elliot Trudeau, Former Prime Minister of Canada.
# Peter Tosh, Poet.
# Pink. Musician. Mentioned in Playboy interview (11/02).
# Pink Floyd, Musicians.
# P. J. O'Rouke. Author.
# Pythagoras, Mathematician.
# Queen Victoria.
# Ram Dass, Philosopher.
# Ray Charles, musician.
# Sir Richard Branson Entrepreneur. In a 2007 interview for GQ magazine.
# Richard Feynman physicist, joint recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics.
# Richard Pryor, actor.
# Robert Anton Wilson. Philosopher .
# Robert Mitchum, Actor, was jailed in the 40s for possession of marijuana.
# Rolling Stones, musicians.
# Rosie Boycott, former Editor of the Daily Express and The Independent.
# Ross Rebagliati, first ever snowboarding Gold Medallist, 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Rudolf Nureyev, Ballet dancer. Also see entry for Margot Fonteyn.
# Rudyard Kipling . Author.
# Ryan Farrell, Australian Sprint Car champion.
# Salvador Dali, Artist.
# Samuel Beckett, Author.
# Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Author.
# Sidi-Hidi. Sacred religious figure of Morocco, believed to have brought cannabis to the Atlas.
# Sinead O'Connor, musician.
# Sir Paul McCartney, Musician.
# Sir Mick Jagger, Musician. Of whom it was written; "Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel".
# Snoop Dogg, musician.
# Steve Martin , Actor.
# Stephen King. Author, "Tommy Knockers".
# Steve Jobs, co-creator of the Apple computer.
# Steven Soderbergh, Film director.
# Stephen Sondheim. Broadway composer and lyricist.
# Sting / Gordon Sumners, musician.
# Ted Turner, of CNN fame. This is a claim made by Bill Maher that has not been denied
# Terence McKenna.
# Terry Pratchett. Author of the "Diskworld" books. A bit of a cheeky claim perhaps, in that he did not object to being given a "cake".
# The Who, musicians.
# Thelonious Monk, Jazz musician.
# Timothy Leary
# Tomas Enge, Formula 3000 World Champion.
# Tommy Chong. Actor with Cheech Marin in "Up in Smoke " - "Cheech & Chong".
# Tommy Lee, Musician.
# Tony Booth, the father-in-law of Britain's Prime Minister. Smoked it in No 10.
# UB40, Band.
# Victor Hugo. Author 'Les Misérables'
# Walter 'Stumpy' Brennan actor.
# Walter Benjamin, Philosopher.
# Wesley Snipes, actor. Has been seen in Cannabis Cafes.
# Whitney Houston, musician.
# William Butler Yeats. Famous Irish Poet and Occultist.
# William S. Burroughs, Author.
# William Shakespeare. Dramatist.
# Willie Nelson, musician.
# Woody Harrelson, Actor and reformer.
# Zoroaster, Persian prophet.
# Most popular Musicians since the turn of the 20th century. Even the boys from S Club 7!
# You will find it's use mentioned in the Bible.
# And now we are told even Stone age man may have used it.
Oh Yeah. I would say they are symbolic alright.
Symbolic of how fed up we are with the "medical marijuana" lie, and bs.
So, you didn't answer my question... honey.
What are you so afraid of? Why not provide a list of names?
You brought it up. lol..
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Linda; just tmaking sure;
why do you believe that a disproportionately large number of black people should be locked up?
Voter
She talks about the constitution and then applauds the circumvention of the will of the people. She claims MMJ is a scam and how dangerous it is, yet she cannot provide any independent, peer-reviewed studies to back her big mouth up. If she does post a link, it is a source with a bias (it would be like one of us citing NORML or the like as credible, i.e. without bias). And you may add professor/researcher to the list. Like he said Buttercup, we don't walk around with signs on our backs, hence the screen name, because of nut jobs like you. I ask you this question Voter: Do you see the irony here?
The South Park episode Butt-Out comes to mind.
Gee golly kids
So, you didn't answer my question... honey. Why is hemp illegal?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
"Technology is destructive only in the hands of people who do not realize that they are one and the same process as the universe."-A
she ignores that...
... which doesn't fit her hallucinatory view of life. Facts? Linda hates 'em. History? ignore it Science? who needs it...
---
welcome to the world I see...
Morning Donut
AE's 2010 Calendar
The Marijuana Trick - The Real Reason Hemp is Illegal
Debate this Activist.
Tuesday, November 01, 2005
Where did the word 'marijuana' come from? In the mid 1930s, the M-word was created to tarnish the good image and phenomenal history of the hemp plant...as you will read. The facts cited here, with references, are generally verifiable in the Encyclopedia Britannica, which was printed on hemp paper for 150 years:
All schoolbooks were made from hemp or flax paper until the 1880s; Hemp Paper Reconsidered, Jack Frazier, 1974.
It was LEGAL TO PAY TAXES WITH HEMP in America from 1631 until the early 1900s; LA Times, August 12, 1981.
REFUSING TO GROW HEMP in America during the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries WAS AGAINST THE LAW! You could be jailed in Virginia for refusing to grow hemp from 1763 to 1769; Hemp in Colonial Virginia, G. M. Herdon.
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers GREW HEMP; Washington and Jefferson Diaries. Jefferson smuggled hemp seeds from China to France then to America.
Benjamin Franklin owned one of the first paper mills in America and it processed hemp. Also, the War of 1812 was fought over hemp. Napoleon wanted to cut off Moscow's export to England; Emperor Wears No Clothes, Jack Herer.
For thousands of years, 90% of all ships' sails and rope were made from hemp. The word 'canvas' is Dutch for hemp; Webster's New World Dictionary.
80% of all textiles, fabrics, clothes, linen, drapes, bed sheets, etc. were made from hemp until the 1820s with the introduction of the cotton gin.
The first Bibles, maps, charts, Betsy Ross's flag, the first drafts of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were made from hemp; U.S. Government Archives.
The first crop grown in many states was hemp. 1850 was a peak year for Kentucky producing 40,000 tons. Hemp was the largest cash crop until the 20th Century; State Archives.
Oldest known records of hemp farming go back 8000 years in Persia. Hemp industrialization began 5000 years ago in Central Asia and North Africa, in ancient Persia, China and Egypt.
Rembrandts, Gainsborough's, Van Gogh's as well as most early canvas paintings were principally painted on hemp linen.
In 1916, the U.S. Government predicted that by the 1940s all paper would come from hemp and that no more trees need to be cut down. Government studies report that 1 acre of hemp equals 4.1 acres of trees. Plans were in the works to implement such programs; Department of Agriculture.
Quality paints and varnishes were made from hemp seed oil until 1937. 58,000 tons of hemp seeds were used in America for paint products in 1935; Sherman Williams Paint Co. testimony before Congress against the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act.
Henry Ford's first Model-T was built to run on hemp gasoline and the CAR ITSELF WAS CONTRUCTED FROM HEMP! On his large estate, Ford was photographed among his hemp fields. The car, 'grown from the soil,' had hemp plastic panels whose impact strength was 10 times stronger than steel; Popular Mechanics, 1941.
Hemp called 'Billion Dollar Crop.' It was the first time a cash crop had a business potential to exceed a billion dollars; Popular Mechanics, Feb., 1938.
Mechanical Engineering Magazine (Feb. 1938) published an article entitled 'The Most Profitable and Desirable Crop that Can be Grown.' It stated that if hemp was cultivated using 20th Century technology, it would be the single largest agricultural crop in the U.S. and the rest of the world.
The following information comes directly from the United States Department of Agriculture's 1942 14-minute film encouraging and instructing 'patriotic American farmers' to grow 350,000 acres of hemp each year for the war effort:
'...When Grecian temples were new, hemp was already old in the service of mankind. For thousands of years, even then, this plant had been grown for cordage and cloth in China and elsewhere in the East. For centuries prior to about 1850, all the ships that sailed the western seas were rigged with hempen rope and sails. For the sailor, no less than the hangman, hemp was indispensable...
...Now with Philippine and East Indian sources of hemp in the hands of the Japanese...American hemp must meet the needs of our Army and Navy as well as of our industries...
...The Navy's rapidly dwindling reserves. When that is gone, American hemp will go on duty again; hemp for mooring ships; hemp for tow lines; hemp for tackle and gear; hemp for countless naval uses both on ship and shore. Just as in the days when Old Ironsides sailed the seas victorious with her hempen shrouds and hempen sails. Hemp for victory!'
Certified proof from the Library of Congress; found by the research of Jack Herer, refuting claims of other government agencies that the 1942 USDA film 'Hemp for Victory' did not exist.
Hemp cultivation and production do not harm the environment. The USDA Bulletin #404 concluded that hemp produces 4 times as much pulp as wood with at least 4 to 7 times less pollution.
From Popular Mechanics, Feb. 1938:
'It has a short growing season...It can be grown in any state...The long roots penetrate and break the soil to leave it in perfect condition for the next year's crop. The dense shock of leaves, 8 to 12 feet above the ground, chokes out weeds....hemp, this new crop can add immeasurably to American agriculture and industry.'
In the 1930s, innovations in farm machinery would have caused an industrial revolution when applied to hemp. This single resource could have created millions of new jobs generating thousands of quality products. Hemp, if not made illegal, would have brought America out of the Great Depression.
William Randolph Hearst (Citizen Kane) and the Hearst Paper Manufacturing Division of Kimberly Clark owned vast acreage of timberlands. The Hearst Company supplied most paper products. Patty Hearst's grandfather, a destroyer of nature for his own personal profit, stood to lose billions because of hemp.
In 1937, Dupont patented the processes to make plastics from oil and coal. Dupont's Annual Report urged stockholders to invest in its new petrochemical division. Synthetics such as plastics, cellophane, celluloid, methanol, nylon, rayon, Dacron, etc., could now be made from oil. Natural hemp industrialization would have ruined over 80% of Dupont's business.
Andrew Mellon became Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury and Dupont's primary investor. He appointed his future nephew-in-law, Harry J. Anslinger, to head the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.
Secret meetings were held by these financial tycoons. Hemp was declared dangerous and a threat to their billion dollar enterprises. For their dynasties to remain intact, hemp had to go. These men took an obscure Mexican slang word: 'marihuana' and pushed it into the consciousness of America.
- Only Thing New Is History We Do not Know -Hemp, or cannabis, or marijuana was outlawed in 1937 because it threatened the nation-less corporate interests of - William Randolph Hearst and - DuPont. They had to get rid of the competition. - Hearst's yellow journalism newspaper chain wrote scathing stories about "marijuana" - a word he made up - because he knew no one would believe them about hemp, which George Washington himself grew hemp.
The decorticator, a state of the art hemp harvester, led Popular Mechanics to call hemp the New Billion Dollar Crop. - - Because of printing and bindery lead time required for publication, this February 1938 article was actually prepared in the spring of 1937, when cannabis hemp was still legal to grow and was an incredibly fast-growing industry. - - Newsprint could now be produced far more cheaply than any other method, and one acre of hemp could produce as much newsprint as four acres of forest trees. - Hearst owned vast timber acreage and competition from the hemp industry might have driven his paper manufacturing out of business. He stood to lose millions of dollars.
DuPont stood to lose on two fronts. DuPont owned the patent for converting wood pulp into newsprint and supplied Hearst with the necessary chemicals. Secondly, in the 1930s DuPont was gearing up to introduce nylon and other man-made fibers, along with synthetic petrochemical oils, which they hoped would replace hemp see oil used in paints and other products. The decorticator meant that hemp fibers could be manufactured as fine as any man-made fibers. DuPont would lose untold millions of invested dollars, plus an estimated 80 percent of all future business, unless hemp was outlawed.
DuPont's financial backer was Mellon Bank, owned and chaired by Andrew Mellon. - - Andrew Mellon at the time was also Secretary of Treasury Department, which was in charge of drug taxes - -, i.e., prohibition - -. Harry Anslinger, commissioners of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which answered to the Treasury Department, was married to Andrew Mellon's niece. Thus they had the power and the means. - Anslinger's lies about hemp were repeated endlessly in Hearst's newspapers. Stories about marijuana, the killer weed from Mexico, instilled fear and completely misled the public that the weed was, in fact, just good old hemp.
Cannabis hemp was not prohibited because it was dangerous. Indeed, for thousands of years it was the world's largest agricultural crop used in thousands of products and enterprises, producing the majority of fiber, fabric, lighting oil, paper, incense, medicine and food. - No, cannabis hemp was prohibited to protect the Hearst and DuPont corporations from devastating competition, as well as appealing to the overt racism stirred up by Hearst's yellow journalism.
MEDIA MANIPULATION
A media blitz of 'yellow journalism' raged in the late 1920s and 1930s. Hearst's newspapers ran stories emphasizing the horrors of marihuana. The menace of marihuana made headlines. Readers learned that it was responsible for everything from car accidents to loose morality. Films like 'Reefer Madness' (1936), 'Marihuana: Assassin of Youth' (1935) and 'Marihuana: The Devil's Weed' (1936) were propaganda designed by these industrialists to create an enemy. Their purpose was to gain public support so that anti-marihuana laws could be passed.
Examine the following quotes from 'The Burning Question' AKA REEFER MADNESS:
A violent narcotic.
Acts of shocking violence.
Incurable insanity.
Soul-destroying effects.
Under the influence of the drug he killed his entire family with an axe.
More vicious, more deadly even than these soul-destroying drugs (heroin, cocaine) is the menace of marihuana!
Reefer Madness did not end with the usual 'the end.' The film concluded with these words plastered on the screen: TELL YOUR CHILDREN.
In the 1930s, people were very naive; even to the point of ignorance. The masses were like sheep waiting to be led by the few in power. They did not challenge authority. If the news was in print or on the radio, they believed it had to be true. They told their children and their children grew up to be the parents of the baby-boomers.
On April 14, 1937, the Prohibitive Marihuana Tax Law or the bill that outlawed hemp was directly brought to the House Ways and Means Committee. This committee is the only one that can introduce a bill to the House floor without it being debated by other committees. The Chairman of the Ways and Means, Robert Doughton, was a Dupont supporter. He insured that the bill would pass Congress.
Dr. James Woodward, a physician and attorney, testified too late on behalf of the American Medical Association. He told the committee that the reason the AMA had not denounced the Marihuana Tax Law sooner was that the Association had just discovered that marihuana was/is hemp.
Few people, at the time, realized that the deadly menace they had been reading about on Hearst's front pages was in fact passive hemp. The AMA understood hemp to be a MEDICINE found in numerous healing products sold over the last hundred years.
In September of 1937, hemp became illegal. The most useful crop known became a drug and our planet has been suffering ever since.
Congress banned hemp because it was said to be the most violence-causing drug known. Anslinger, head of the Drug Commission for 31 years, promoted the idea that marihuana made users act extremely violent. In the 1950s, under the Communist threat of McCarthyism, Anslinger now said the exact opposite. Marijuana will pacify you so much that soldiers would not want to fight.
Today, our planet is in desperate trouble. Earth is suffocating as large tracts of rain forests disappear. Pollution, poisons and chemicals are killing people. These great problems could be reversed if we industrialized hemp. Natural biomass could provide all of the planet's energy needs that are currently supplied by fossil fuels. We have consumed 80% of our oil and gas reserves. We need a renewable resource. Hemp could be the solution to soaring gas prices.
THE WONDER PLANTHemp has a higher quality fiber than wood fiber. Far fewer caustic chemicals are required to make paper from hemp than from trees. Hemp paper does not turn yellow and is very durable. The plant grows quickly to maturity in a season where trees take a lifetime.
ALL PLASTIC PRODUCTS SHOULD BE MADE FROM HEMP SEED OIL. Hempen plastics are biodegradable! Over time, they would break down and not harm the environment. Oil-based plastics, the ones we are very familiar with, help ruin nature; they do not break down and will do great harm in the future. The process to produce the vast array of natural (hempen) plastics will not ruin the rivers as Dupont and other petrochemical companies have done. Ecology does not fit in with the plans of the Oil Industry and the political machine. Hemp products are safe and natural.
MEDICINES SHOULD BE MADE FROM HEMP. We should go back to the days when the AMA supported hemp cures. 'Medical Marijuana' is given out legally to only a handful of people while the rest of us are forced into a system that relies on chemicals. Hemp is only healthy for the human body.
WORLD HUNGER COULD END. A large variety of food products can be generated from hemp. The seeds contain one of the highest sources of protein in nature. ALSO: They have two essential fatty acids that clean your body of cholesterol. These essential fatty acids are not found anywhere else in nature! Consuming hemp seeds is the best thing you could do for your body. Eat uncooked hemp seeds.
CLOTHES SHOULD BE MADE FROM HEMP. Hemp clothing is extremely strong and durable over time. You could hand clothing, made from hemp, down to your grandchildren. Today, there are American companies that make hemp clothing; usually 50% hemp. Hemp fabrics should be everywhere. Instead, they are almost underground. Superior hemp products are not allowed to advertise on fascist television. Kentucky, once the top hemp producing state, made it ILLEGAL TO WEAR hemp clothing! Can you imagine being thrown into jail for wearing quality jeans?
The world is crazy...but that does not mean you have to join the insanity. Get together. Spread the news. Tell people, and that includes your children, the truth. Use hemp products. Eliminate the word 'marijuana.' Realize the history that created it. Make it politically incorrect to say or print the M-word. Fight against the propaganda (designed to favor the agenda of the super rich) and their bullshit. We must begin utilizing hemp now! Time is running out! We need a clean energy source to save our lives and planet Earth. WE MUST INDUSTRIALIZE HEMP!
The liquor, tobacco and oil companies fund more than a million dollars a day to Partnership for a Drug-Free America and other similar agencies. We have all seen their commercials. Now, their motto is: 'It's more dangerous than we thought.' Lies from the powerful Nation-Less Corporations, that began with Hearst, are still alive and well today.
The brainwashing continues. Now, the commercials say: If you buy a joint, you contribute to murders and gang wars. The latest - anti-Hemp - commercials say: If you buy a joint...you are promoting TERRORISM! The new enemy, (terrorism) has paved the road to brainwash you any way THEY see fit. The untold truth is that fossil fuels consumption is the direct link and help for maintaining, spreading and protecting TERRORISM, all over the world! Think about this next time pumping GAS into your SUVs at the pump!
There is only one enemy; the friendly people you pay your taxes to; the war-makers and nature destroyers. With your funding, they are killing the world right in front of your eyes. OVER A MILLION DEATHS EACH YEAR ARE CAUSED BY TOBACCO CONSUMPTION. AND HALF A MILLION DEATHS EACH YEAR ARE CAUSED BY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.
Ingesting THC, hemp's active agent, has a positive effect; relieving asthma and glaucoma. A joint tends to alleviate the nausea caused by chemotherapy. You are able to eat on hemp. This is a healthy state of being.
There is physical evidence that hemp plant is not like any other plant on Earth. Hemp is the ONLY plant where the males appear one way and the females appear very different, physically! No one ever speaks of males and females in regard to the plant kingdom because plants do not show their sexes; except for hemp. To determine what sex a certain, normal, Earthly plant is, you have to look internally, at its DNA. A male blade of grass (physically) looks exactly like a female blade of grass. The hemp plant has an intense sexuality.
HEMP IS ILLEGAL BECAUSE GREEDY STUPID CRIMINAL BILLIONAIRES WANT TO REMAIN BILLIONAIRES AT ALL COSTS, TO HUMANITY AND EVEN THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH WE ALL LIVE!Doesn't is seem a little silly Activist1 to have this illegal?
Hemp (from Old English hænep) is the name of the soft, durable fiber that is cultivated from plants of the Cannabis genus, cultivated only for industrial (non-drug) use.
In modern times, industrial hemp has been used for industrial purposes including paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, and fuel,[1] with modest commercial success.[2][3] In the past three years, commercial success of hemp food products has grown considerably.[4][5]
Hemp is one of the fastest growing biomasses known,[6] producing up to 25 tonnes of dry matter per hectare per year,[7] and one of the earliest domesticated plants known.[8] For a crop, hemp is relatively environmentally friendly as it requires few pesticides[9] and no herbicides.[10]
Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa is the variety grown for industrial use in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere, while C. sativa subsp. indica generally has poor fiber quality and is primarily used for production of recreational and medicinal drugs. The major difference between the two types of plants is the appearance and the amount of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) secreted in a resinous mixture by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes, although they can also be distinguished by genetic means.[11] Strains of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not enough for any physical or psychological effects. Typically, hemp contains below 0.3% THC, while Cannabis grown for marijuana can contain anywhere from 6 or 7 % to 20% or even more.[citation needed]
Industrial hemp is produced in many countries around the world.[12] Major producers include Canada, France, and China. While more hemp is exported to the United States than to any other country, the United States Government does not consistently distinguish between marijuana and the non-psychoactive Cannabis used for industrial and commercial purposes.
- 1 Uses
- 1.1 Food
- 1.1.1 Nutrition
- 1.1.2 Storage
- 1.2 Dietary supplement
- 1.3 Medicine
- 1.4 Fiber
- 1.4.1 Building material
- 1.4.2 Composite materials
- 1.4.3 Paper
- 1.4.4 Fabric
- 1.4.5 Cordage
- 1.4.6 Animal bedding
- 1.5 Water and soil purification
- 1.6 Weed control
- 1.7 Fuel
- 2 Cultivation
- 2.1 Historical cultivation
- 2.1.1 Harvesting
- 2.2 Varieties
- 2.3 Diseases
- 3 History
- 4 Countries that produce hemp
- 5 Industrial growth under license
- 6 See also
- 7 References
[edit] UsesHemp is used for a wide variety of purposes, including the manufacture of cordage of varying tensile strength, clothing, and nutritional products. The bast fibers can be used in 100% hemp products, but are commonly blended with other organic fibers such as flax, cotton or silk, for apparel and furnishings, most commonly at a 55%/45% hemp/cotton blend. The inner two fibers of hemp are more woody, and are more often used in non-woven items and other industrial applications, such as mulch, animal bedding and litter. The oil from the fruits ("seeds") dries on exposure to air (similar to linseed oil) and is sometimes used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. Hemp seeds have been used in bird seed mix.[13] Hempseed is also widely used as a fishing bait.
[edit] FoodHemp seeds contain all the essential amino acids and essential fatty acids necessary to maintain healthy human life.[14] The seeds can be eaten raw, ground into a meal, sprouted, made into hemp milk (akin to soy milk), prepared as tea, and used in baking. The fresh leaves can also be eaten in salads. Products range from cereals to frozen waffles, hemp tofu to nut butters. A few companies produce value added hemp seed items that include the seed oils, whole hemp grain (which is sterilized as per international law), hulled hemp seed (the whole seed without the mineral rich outer shell), hemp flour, hemp cake (a by-product of pressing the seed for oil) and hemp protein powder. Hemp is also used in some organic cereals, for non-dairy milk[15] somewhat similar to soy and nut milks, and for non-dairy hemp "ice cream."[16]
Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has treated hemp as purely a non-food crop. Seed appears on the UK market as a legal food product, and cultivation licenses are available for this purpose. In North America, hemp seed food products are sold, typically in health food stores or through mail order. The USDA estimates that "the market potential for hemp seed as a food ingredient is unknown. However, it probably will remain a small market, like those for sesame and poppy seeds."[17]
[edit] NutritionAbout 30–35% of the weight of hempseed is hempseed oil or hemp oil, an edible oil that contains about 80% essential fatty acids (EFAs); i.e., linoleic acid, omega-6 (LA, 55%), alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 (ALA, 22%), in addition to gamma-linolenic acid, omega-6 (GLA, 1–4%) and stearidonic acid, omega-3 (SDA, 0–2%). Hempseed also contains about 20% of a highly-digestible protein, where 1/3 is edestin and 2/3 are albumins. Its amino acid profile is close to "complete" when compared to more common sources of proteins such as meat, milk, eggs and soy.[19] The proportions of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in one tablespoon (15 ml) per day of hemp oil easily provides human daily requirements for EFAs. Unlike flaxseed oil, hemp oil can be used continuously without developing a deficiency or other imbalance of EFAs.[20] This has been demonstrated in a clinical study, where the daily ingestion of flaxseed oil decreased the endogenous production of GLA.[20]
Hempseed is an adequate source of calcium and iron. Whole hempseeds are also a good source of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese.
Hempseed contains no gluten and therefore would not trigger symptoms of celiac disease.
[edit] StorageHemp oil is a highly unsaturated oil. As a highly unsaturated oil, it has a relatively low smoke point and is not suitable for frying. It is primarily used as a food oil and dietary supplement, and has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis). Hemp oil can spontaneously oxidize and turn rancid within a short period of time if not stored properly; it is best stored in a dark glass bottle, in a refrigerator or freezer (its freezing point is -20C). Preservatives (antioxidants) are not necessary for high quality oils that are stored properly.
[edit] Dietary supplementHemp oil has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis).[21]
[edit] MedicineHemp oil has anti-inflammatory properties.[22]
[edit] FiberThe fiber is one of the most valuable parts of the hemp plant. It is commonly called bast, which refers to the fibers that grow on the outside of the woody interior of the plant's stalk, and under the outer most part (the bark). Bast fibers give the plants strength. Hemp fibers can be 0.91 m (3 ft) to 4.6 m (15 ft) long, running the length of the plant. Depending on the processing used to remove the fiber from the stem, the hemp may naturally be creamy white, brown, gray, black or green.[citation needed]
The use of hemp for fiber production has declined sharply over the last two centuries, but before the industrial revolution, hemp was a popular fiber because it is strong and grows quickly; it produces 250% more fiber than cotton and 600% more fiber than flax when grown on the same land.[citation needed] Hemp has been used to make paper. It was used to make canvas, and the word canvas derives from cannabis.[23][24] Hemp was very popular as it had many uses. Abaca or Manila replaced its use for rope. Burlap, made from jute, took over the sacking market. The paper industry began using wood pulp. The carpet industry switched over to wool, sisal, and jute, then nylon. Netting and webbing applications were taken over by cotton and synthetics.
[edit] Building materialIn Europe and China, hemp fibers have been used in prototype quantities to strengthen concrete, and in other composite materials for many construction and manufacturing applications.[25] See Hempcrete.
[edit] Composite materialsA mixture of fiberglass, hemp fiber, kenaf, and flax has been used since 2002 to make composite panels for automobiles.[4][26] The choice of which bast fiber to use is primarily based on cost and availability.
[edit] PaperThere is a niche market for hemp paper. World hemp paper pulp production was believed to be around 120,000 tons per year in 1991 which was about 0.05% of the world's annual pulp production volume.[2] The cost of hemp pulp is approximately six times that of wood pulp,[2] mostly due to the small size and outdated equipment of the few hemp processing plants in the Western world and hemp is harvested once a year (during August) and needs to be stored to feed the mill the whole year through. This storage requires a lot of (mostly manual) handling of the bulky stalk bundles, which accounts for a high raw material cost. Hemp pulp is bleached with hydrogen peroxide, which can also be used for wood pulp.
In 1916, US Department of Agriculture chief scientists Lyster H. Dewe, and Jason L. Merrill created paper made from hemp pulp, which they concluded was "favorable in comparison with those used with pulp wood."[27] [4]
The production of wood pulp paper still claims one of the highest carbon dioxide emissions by industry (second only to concrete production). [28][citation needed]. The recovery boiler was invented in the early 1930s. The first recovery boilers were commissioned to wood-pulp mills during the mid-1930s,[29] ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free),[30] or TCF (Total chlorine Free) bleaching, better fiber filters etc. has created less of a demand for alternative raw materials. Hemp is currently of little significance as raw material for paper; however, it is scarcely grown in the developed world. The long-term price for pulpwood has been low compared with any alternative except recycled paper.[31]
More about wood pulp technology in bleaching of wood pulp.
The decision of the United States Congress to pass the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act was based in part on testimony derived from articles in newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst, who, some authors[who?] stress, had significant financial interests in the forest industry, which manufactured his newsprint.
The background material also included that from 1880 to 1933 the hemp grown in the United States had declined from 15,000 to 1,200 acres (4.9 km2), and that the price of line hemp had dropped from $12.50 per pound in 1914 to $9.00 per pound in 1933.[32][33] In 1935, however, hemp would also make a significant rebound.[33] Hearst began a campaign against hemp, and published stories in his newspapers associating hemp with marijuana[34] and attacking marijuana usage.[35] As a result of the act, the production and use of hemp was discontinued.
[edit] FabricA modest hemp fabric industry exists. Recent developments in processing have made it possible to soften coarse fibers to a wearable level. Characteristics of hemp fiber are its superior strength and durability, resistance to ultraviolet light and mold, comfort and good absorbency (8%).[citation needed]
[edit] CordageHemp rope is notorious for breaking due to rot as the capillary effect of the rope-woven fibers tended to hold liquid at the interior, while seeming dry from the outside.[36]
Hemp rope was used in the age of sailing ships, though the rope had to be protected by tarring, due to hemp rope propensity for breaking due to rot, as the capillary effect of the rope-woven fibers tended to hold liquid at the interior, while seeming dry from the outside.[37] Tarring was a labor-intensive process, and earned sailors the nickname "Jack Tar". Hemp rope was phased out when Manila, which does not require tarring, became widely available. Manila is sometimes referred to as Manila hemp, but is not related to hemp; it is Abacá, a species of banana.
[edit] Animal beddingHemp shives are the core of the stem. In EU, they are used for bedding (horse bedding for instance), or for horticultural mulch.[38] Industrial hemp is much more profitable if both fibers and shives (or even seeds) can be used.
[edit] Water and soil purificationHemp can be used as a "mop crop" to clear impurities out of wastewater, such as sewage effluent, excessive phosphorus from chicken litter, or other unwanted substances or chemicals. Eco-technologist Dr. Keith Bolton from Southern Cross University in Lismore, New South Wales, Australia, is a leading researcher in this area. Hemp is being used to clean contaminants at Chernobyl nuclear disaster site.[39]
[edit] Weed controlHemp, because of its height, dense foliage and its high planting density as a crop, is a very effective and long used method of killing tough weeds in farming (by minimizing the pool of weed seeds of the soil).[40] Using hemp this way can help farmers avoid the use of herbicides, to help gain organic certification and to gain the benefits of crop rotation per se.
[edit] FuelBiofuels such as biodiesel and alcohol fuel can be made from the oils in hemp seeds and stalks, and the fermentation of the plant as a whole, respectively. Biodiesel produced from hemp is sometimes known as hempoline[41].
Henry Ford grew industrial hemp on his estate after 1937,[42] possibly to prove the cheapness of methanol production at Iron Mountain. He made plastic cars (the so-called Hemp Car) with wheat straw, hemp and sisal. (Popular Mechanics, Dec. 1941, "Pinch Hitters for Defense.") Filtered hemp oil can be used directly to power diesels. In 1892, Rudolph Diesel invented the diesel engine, which he intended to fuel "by a variety of fuels, especially vegetable and seed oils."[43][44][45][46]
[edit] CultivationMillennia of selective breeding have resulted in varieties that look quite different. Also, breeding since circa 1930 has focused quite specifically on producing strains which would perform very poorly as sources of drug material. Hemp grown for fibre is planted closely, resulting in tall, slender plants with long fibers. Ideally, according to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the herb should be harvested before it flowers. This early cropping is done because fibre quality declines if flowering is allowed and, incidentally, this cropping also pre-empts the herb's maturity as a potential source of drug material. However, in these strains of industrial hemp the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low regardless.
The name Cannabis is the genus and was the name favored by the 19th century medical practitioners who helped to introduce the herb's drug potential to modern English-speaking consciousness. Cannabis for non-drug purposes (especially ropes and textiles) was then already well known as hemp.
The name "marijuana" is Spanish in origin and associated almost exclusively with the herb's drug potential.
[edit] Historical cultivationHemp has been grown for millennia in Asia and the Middle East for its fibre. Commercial production of hemp in the West took off in the eighteenth century, but was grown in the sixteenth century in eastern England.[47] Due to colonial and naval expansion of the era, economies needed large quantities of hemp for rope and oakum.
[edit] HarvestingSmallholder plots are usually harvested by hand. The plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil and left on the ground to dry. Mechanical harvesting is now common, using specially adapted cutter-binders or simpler cutters.
The cut hemp is laid in swathes to dry for up to four days. This was traditionally followed by retting, either water retting (the bundled hemp floats in water) or dew retting (the hemp remains on the ground and is affected by the moisture in dew moisture, and by molds and bacterial action). Modern processes use steam and machinery to separate the fiber, a process known as thermo-mechanical pulping.
[edit] VarietiesThere are broadly three groups of Cannabis varieties being cultivated today:
A nominal if not legal distinction is often made between hemp, with concentrations of the psychoactive chemical THC far too low to be useful as a drug, and Cannabis used for medical, recreational, or spiritual purposes.
[edit] DiseasesHemp plants can be vulnerable to various pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other miscellaneous pathogens. Such diseases often lead to reduced fiber quality, stunted growth, and death of the plant. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides.
[edit] HistoryHemp use dates back to the Stone Age, with hemp fibre imprints found in pottery shards in China and Taiwan[48] over 7,000 years old. They were also later used to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper.[48] Contrary to the traditional view that Cai Lun invented paper in around 105 AD, specimens of hemp paper were found in the Great Wall of China dating back 200 years earlier.[citation needed]
Hemp cloth was more common than linen until the mid 14th century.[citation needed] The use of hemp as a cloth was centered largely in the countryside, with higher quality textiles being available in the towns. Virtually every small town had access to a hemp field.[citation needed]
In late medieval Germany and Italy, hemp was employed in cooked dishes, as filling in pies and tortes, or boiled in a soup.[49]
The traditional European hemp was by tradition and due to its low narcotic effect not used as a drug in Europe[citation needed]. It was cultivated for its fibers and for example used by Christopher Columbus for ropes on his ships.
The Spaniards first brought hemp to the Western Hemisphere and cultivated it in Chile starting about 1545.[50] However, in May 1607, "hempe" was among the crops Gabriel Archer observed being cultivated by the natives at the main Powhatan village, where Richmond, Virginia is now situated;[51] and in 1613, Samuell Argall reported wild hemp "better than that in England" growing along the shores of the upper Potomac. As early as 1619, the first Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "both English and Indian" hemp on their plantations.[52] The Puritans are first known to have cultivated hemp in New England in 1645.[50]
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both cultivated hemp on their farms. Benjamin Franklin started the first American paper mill, which made paper exclusively from hemp, and the Declaration of Independence was drafted on paper made from hemp fibers.[53]
In the Napoleonic era, many military uniforms were made of hemp.[citation needed] While hemp linens were coarser than those made of flax, the added strength and durability of hemp, as well as the lower cost, meant that hemp uniforms were preferred.
Hemp was used extensively by the United States during WWII. Uniforms, canvas, and rope were among the main textiles created from the hemp plant at this time. Much of the hemp used was planted in the Midwest and Kentucky. Historically, hemp production made up a significant portion of Kentucky's economy and many slave plantations located there focused on producing hemp.[54]
The U.S. made a short 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, promoting hemp as a necessary crop to win the war.Hemp available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
By the early twentieth century, the advent of the steam engine and the diesel engine ended the reign of the sailing ship. The advent of iron and steel for cable and ships' hulls further eliminated natural fibers in marine use, although hemp had long since fallen out of favor in the sailing industry in preference to Manila hemp. The invention of artificial fibers in the late thirties by DuPont and chemical papers invested in by William Randolph Hearst led to the illegalization of hemp farming after the invention of the hemp cropping machine, which would have put them out of business. [55]
[edit] Countries that produce hempOver 30 countries produce industrial hemp including Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain.[56]
From the 1950s to the 1980s the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer (3,000 km² in 1970). The main production areas were in Ukraine,[57] the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border. Since its inception in 1931, the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops (Russian: Научно-исследовательский институт лубяных культур) in Hlukhiv (Glukhov), Ukraine, has been one of the world's largest centers for developing new hemp varieties, focusing on improving fiber quality, per-hectare yields, and low THC content.[58][59]
Other important producing countries were China, North Korea, Hungary, the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, France and Italy.
In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop; it was restricted as a narcotic drug in 1948. The ban on marijuana imposed by the US authorities was alien to Japanese culture, as the drug had never been widely used in Japan before. There is archaeological evidence that cannabis was used for clothing and the seeds were eaten in Japan right back to the Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BCE). Many Kimono designs portray hemp, or "Asa" (Japanese: 麻), as a beautiful plant.
France is Europe's biggest producer, with 8,000 hectares cultivated. Canada (9,725 ha in 2004),[60] the United Kingdom, and Germany all resumed commercial production in the 1990s. British production is mostly used as bedding for horses; other uses are under development. The largest outlet for German fibre is composite automotive panels. Companies in Canada, UK, US and Germany among many others process hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries still continue to produce textile grade fibre.
Hemp is illegal to grow in the U.S. under federal law due to its relation to marijuana, and any imported hemp products must meet a zero tolerance level. It is considered a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (P.L. 91-513; 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.). Some states have defied federal law and made the cultivation of industrial hemp legal. These states — North Dakota, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, West Virginia, Vermont, and Oregon — have not yet begun to grow hemp due to resistance from the federal Drug Enforcement Administration.[61]
[edit] Industrial growth under licenseLicenses for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union, Canada, in three states of Australia, and nine states in the United States.[62]
In the United Kingdom, these licenses are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. When grown for non-drug purposes hemp is referred to as industrial hemp, and a common product is fiber for use in a wide variety of products, as well as the seed for nutritional aspects as well as for the oil. Feral hemp or ditch weed is usually a naturalized fiber or oilseed strain of Cannabis that has escaped from cultivation and is self-seeding.
In Australia the states of Victoria, Queensland and most recently New South Wales issue licenses to grow hemp for industrial use. Victoria was an early adopter in 1998, and has reissued the regulation in 2008.[63] Queensland has allowed industrial production under license since 2002[64] where the issuance is controlled under the Drugs Misuse Act 1986.[65] Most recently New South Wales now issues licenses[66] under a law that came into effect as at 6 November 2008, the Hemp Industry Regulations Act 2008 (No 58).[67]
Vermont and North Dakota have passed laws enabling hemp licensure. Both states are waiting for permission to grow hemp from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Currently, North Dakota representatives are pursuing legal measures to force DEA approval.[68] Oregon has licensed industrial hemp as of August, 2009.[69]
A little more knowledge for ya Activist1
Ford And Deisel Never
Intended Cars
To Use Gasoline
8-15-5
Okay A1 You win
Post your address and I will have one come to your house so you can see for yourself. What are you afraid of?
When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty. RISE UP.
Hey "Activist"
Are you going to try and let this one die just like you do all the rest?
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"Technology is destructive only in the hands of people who do not realize that they are one and the same process as the universe."-A
140 cities and counting...
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Adding another one to the list.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
This is funny!
We've passed a law whereas we can fine dumpster divers eating out of a back alley garbage can, we can't afford to keep our park restrooms open so humans can pee in private, China is looking at buying General Motors/Chrysler lock stock and barrel, one in every eight American homes is or will be foreclosed on, our community's are overrun with homeless with no place to eat and sleep, we have increased fees at our State University's 1/3, our prisons are filled way over capacity, we don't have jobs available for those that want to work, and we are at war.
And guess what the so-called war on drugs found. As if who really gives a rats ars, considering all the problems the United States has to contend with.
What a freaking sad state of affairs.
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last updated: November 18, 2009 05:42:54 PM
LOS ANGELESOfficials say an elaborate marijuana growing site was found in an industrial building 25 feet from the back door of the Topanga police station in Los Angeles, and three people are under arrest.
Officer Karen Rayner says the pot was discovered Wednesday when a search warrant was served at an address adjacent to the station in Canoga Park.
The indoor marijuana farm included lights, automated irrigation and a ventilation system. Investigators say it had been there for at least eight months.
The investigation began a week ago, when officers smelled marijuana in the police station parking lot.
The suspects' names have not been released. Rayner says they face a number of narcotics charges.
Well I'm sure you thought this through Thomas
Just think....Less marijuana dispensaries, less crime. You can thank me later. I understand.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Good logical thinking
Bud.
Hey, haven't heard from you in awhile. Doing OK?
How's your vegetable garden doing?
Adding TwentyNine Palms to the list...
142 and counting...
It's almost a daily occurance now. Whoohoo.
No more marijuana dispensaries...ever. :D
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt
Stop the "medical marijuana" scam!
Enough is enough.
Denial ain't just a river in Egypt